Zinc Oxide Nanopowder (ZnO, 99+%, 10-30 nm)

Zinc oxide nanopowder (ZnO, 99+%, 10-30 nm) is a highly functional material known for its wide range of applications in electronics, optics, medicine, and environmental science. Its small particle size (10-30 nm) and high purity (99+%) enhance its reactivity, surface area, and unique properties, making it a versatile material for numerous industries.

Composition and Structure

ZnO (Zinc Oxide):
Zinc oxide is a binary compound consisting of zinc and oxygen. It exists in two primary crystal forms: hexagonal wurtzite and cubic zinc blende. The wurtzite structure is the most common and exhibits excellent piezoelectric and semiconducting properties. ZnO is well-known for its broad spectrum of useful attributes, including high UV absorption, photocatalytic activity, and electrical conductivity.
Purity (99+%):
The high purity level of 99+% ensures that the nanopowder is free from most contaminants, allowing it to perform reliably in critical applications. Such purity is crucial for applications that require consistent properties, such as in electronics, optics, and medical fields.
Particle Size (10-30 nm):
The nanopowder’s small particle size (ranging from 10 to 30 nm) provides a high surface area and enables enhanced chemical reactivity. This is particularly important in applications like catalysis, photocatalysis, and drug delivery, where surface interactions are key to the material’s performance.

Properties

1. Optical Properties:
   ZnO nanopowder is known for its excellent ultraviolet (UV) absorption properties, making it ideal for use in sunscreen formulations, coatings, and UV-blocking devices. It also exhibits photoluminescence properties, which makes it valuable in optoelectronic devices, such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and lasers.
2. Semiconductor Behavior:
   As a wide-bandgap semiconductor (3.37 eV), ZnO has potential applications in optoelectronics, photovoltaics, and other devices that require semiconductor materials. It can be used in transparent electronics, UV light sensors, and high-efficiency solar cells.
3. Catalytic and Photocatalytic Activity:
   ZnO is an effective photocatalyst, meaning it can accelerate chemical reactions when exposed to light. It is commonly used in the degradation of pollutants, such as organic dyes, and is employed in environmental applications like water purification and air cleaning.
4. Antibacterial and Antiviral Properties:
   ZnO nanopowder exhibits strong antibacterial and antiviral effects, making it useful in medical and personal care products. Its ability to inhibit bacterial growth has led to its inclusion in wound dressings, cosmetics, and other hygiene products.

Applications

1. Electronics and Optoelectronics:
Semiconductors:
ZnO nanopowder is used in the fabrication of thin-film transistors, solar cells, and photodetectors. Its semiconductor properties make it a viable candidate for transparent electronics, optoelectronic devices, and light-emitting applications.
LEDs and Lasers:
ZnO is used in the production of ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and lasers due to its wide bandgap and efficient emission properties. Its optical properties also make it suitable for use in lasers and light devices with applications in data storage and communication.
Optical Coatings:
ZnO is used in coatings for optical devices, including lenses, windows, and solar panels. It enhances the performance of these devices by providing UV protection, reducing glare, and improving energy efficiency.

2. Health and Medicine:
Antibacterial and Antiviral Agents:
Due to its antimicrobial properties, ZnO nanopowder is widely used in personal care products, including sunscreen, ointments, and wound healing products. It helps protect the skin from harmful UV radiation while also promoting the healing of minor burns and wounds.
Drug Delivery Systems:
ZnO nanoparticles are increasingly being studied for use in drug delivery, where their high surface area and biocompatibility allow for the encapsulation and controlled release of therapeutic agents. They have been explored for targeted cancer therapy and gene delivery.

3. Environmental Applications:
Water Purification:
ZnO nanopowder is used in photocatalytic water treatment to break down organic pollutants, dyes, and pathogens under UV light. Its high surface area and photocatalytic efficiency make it an excellent material for improving the effectiveness of water purification systems.
Air Purification:
Similarly, ZnO is used in air purification systems to degrade harmful gases and pollutants, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate matter. Its photocatalytic properties help clean the air in industrial and residential settings.
Pollution Control:
ZnO is used in environmental remediation processes, such as removing heavy metals and toxic substances from soil and water. Its ability to act as a catalyst in the degradation of pollutants contributes to cleaner environments.

4. Cosmetics and Consumer Products:
Sunscreens and Skincare:
ZnO nanopowder is a common ingredient in sunscreens due to its ability to block UV radiation effectively. It is also used in various skincare products, where its antimicrobial properties help to treat acne and other skin conditions.
Textiles:
ZnO is used in the production of antimicrobial textiles, where it prevents bacterial growth on fabrics, keeping them fresher for longer and extending their lifespan.

5. Research and Development:
ZnO nanopowder is widely used in academic and industrial research due to its diverse range of properties. It is studied for its potential in new technologies, such as piezoelectric devices, sensors, and energy harvesting systems. It is also a key material in nanotechnology and nanomedicine research, where its small size and unique characteristics are explored for innovative applications.

Safety and Handling

Health Considerations:
ZnO nanopowder is generally considered safe for external applications, such as in cosmetics and skin products. However, inhalation of ZnO nanoparticles can pose health risks, so proper protective measures, including gloves, masks, and protective eyewear, should be used when handling the material.
Environmental Impact:
Zinc oxide nanoparticles are typically less toxic to the environment compared to many other nanomaterials. However, research continues on the long-term environmental effects of nanoparticle exposure. Responsible disposal and handling should be practiced to minimize any potential ecological impact.

Summary

Zinc oxide nanopowder (ZnO, 99+%, 10-30 nm) is a versatile and highly pure material that offers exceptional properties for a broad spectrum of applications. From electronics and optoelectronics to medicine and environmental protection, ZnO nanopowder is an essential component in advanced technologies. Its optical, semiconducting, catalytic, and antimicrobial properties make it a valuable material in various industries, with ongoing research unlocking even more potential uses.